Write brief essay on any 5 (five) of the following topics:
CLIMATE CHANGE:
GLOBAL WARMING
Main causes behind the global warming
Brief list of works of UN & international conferences/convention on climate change/environmental change/ global warming
Signs or Evidences or Observation of Climate Change
Probable consequences of climate change in Bangladesh
According to UNDP, Bangladesh is the most vulnerable country to climate change. It is estimated that about 17% of total surface area will be down into water by 2040 because of sea level rise.
Temperature Increase: The observed data form 1970 to 2000 indicates that the earth surface temperature is gradually increasing. Therefore, autumn is starting in late and the spring is coming in earlier. On the other hand, the duration of winter is decreasing Bangladesh. These are affecting food production system.
Sea-level rise: Many research proved that the rate of sea-level rise is gradually increased during last two decades. The ice melting of the Arctic, Himalayan, and Siberian etc. is increasing sea level. According to UNDP sea level rise may affect over 70 million people in Bangladesh.
Rainfall Variation: The annual rainfall of the country is about 2300 mm. But, due to climate change the variation of rainfall is increasing among the regions and among season. It is found that annual rainfall of north west part is 1200 mm while 5000 mm is in the east and northeast part. this extreme nature of rainfall affects on agriculture and livelihood systems.
Natural Disasters: Climate change has increased in frequency and intensity of natural disasters like cyclones, storms, surges, floods, drought and riverbank erosion have increased. The UN WFP estimated that in 2008 total 57 countries of the world affected severely. The geographical setting of Bangladesh makes the country vulnerable to natural disasters.
Agricultural production and food security: Climate change has affected on agricultural production and food security through extreme change of temperature, rainfall, and water supply in many areas. A study showed that 27% of Aux Crops, 61% of Wheat, and 55% of irrigation crops negatively affected by the impact of climate change.
Water security: Rise of sea level is a cause of water salinity in many regions which is affecting on drinking water crisis and agricultural production. On the other hand, rise of sea level will create problem in urban drainages.
Threats to islands: Climate change is bringing severe threats to small islands like Maldives, Fiji, Papua and Mauritius etc. A study showed that a sea level rise of 0.5 of meter over the last 100 years has already eroded 250 square kilometres of Kutubdia, 227 square kilometres of Bliola and 180 square kilometres of Sandip islands.
Ecosystems and biodiversity: Climate change has already affected ecological systems throughout the world. The natural calamities and extreme weather is destroying ecosystem and biodiversity. Like the SIDR of 2007 greatly affected the Sundarbans ecosystem and biodiversity.
Human health: Human health is highly affected by the climate change because it has increased natural disaster, extreme weather and food crisis. So, the consequence of climate change has increased diarrhoea and malnutrition etc. Already these problems have increased in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Myanmar and Nepal. Floods result in spread out of water-borne diseases.
Livelihood of the poor people: Poor people are more vulnerable to natural disasters because they live in disaster prone areas. On the other hand, they live in poor housing and depend on agriculture. So, climate change affect on their agriculture and livelihood condition.
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